When you run a business, there is a chance that one day you receive a letter claiming that you are infringing someone else’s trademark or patent rights. It’s commonly called a “Cease and Desist Letter.”
Sending a Cease and Desist Letter (“C&D letter”) is a legitimate practice of enforcing one’s intellectual property (“IP”) rights. When you have an IP right, you should actively enforce it. It is a common practice to send a C&D letter to give a notice to related parties about possible infringement, and it also serves as a means to establish a communication channel between parties.
What to do when someone claims you’re violating their IP rights?
1. Not all C&D letters are the same.
It usually starts with a strong language about your wrongdoing, penalties, and of course they always say they have a solid case against you. They often set a deadline in their terms and threaten you with a lawsuit.
Sometimes they do complete a comprehensive analysis before sending out a letter, but they could simply rely on nothing more than a hunch. That’s why they are often written in vague and generalized terms. They can draft one and start sending to everyone they know.
On the other hand, the recipients often panic because they get this out of the blue. You’d be surprised by how many entities are only seeking settlements. They can’t risk going to a trial because it might set a bad precedent. In other words, they know they’d lose if they go to trial.
2. You should consult with people around you.
Getting a lawyer for defending against a sham assertion of infringement sounds very expensive. Also, when you go to a lawyer, he or she might simply say “Oh, I can help you settle this case.”
That’s, in many cases, the safest, simplest, and most cost-effective thing to do. But that’s not always true.
There is a good chance that someone you know has received the same letter before, or they at least know someone who has. Ask them how it went. The infringement analysis is almost always more intricate than what the C&D letter says.
3. Find experts next.
Ultimately, you have to find someone who knows what’s going on to really understand what’s going on. IP professionals can tell you how much you are in trouble, what are your chances to be served with a summon, how you can avoid further infringement, and so on.
If it’s patent related issues, you should find a patent attorney. Patent attorneys are licensed attorneys who are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. They passed a state bar (so they are presumably competent to represent you in legal matters) and a separate examination administered by the USPTO about the patent law (so they know the patent law). There are patent agents, non-lawyers who are registered with the USPTO, but they are more focused on helping you get a patent.
For trademark issues, there is no certification or license. In theory, any lawyer can represent you in trademark law matters. However, not all lawyers are equally competent. So, here’s a litmus test I suggest. If they simply say, “I can draft a reply or get a settlement offer for you”, then you might want to find another lawyer. You want someone who can tell you what’s really going on before even considering those options.
When it comes to trademark (or servicemark), brand names, symbols, and logo designs are the first things to come to your mind. However, there are other types of trademarks that are protected. For example, a sound or packaging is also protected by the trademark law.
Among those, trade dress refers to packaging and other product designs that can identify a source of goods.
Below is a trade dress registered for juice drinks.
Registered Trade DressActual Product Design
Sometimes, a part of a good itself can serve as a trade dress like the shape of guitar headstocks.
These trade dress are registered with the USPTO and afford the same protection as any registered trademark (or servicemark). As you can see, trade dresses includes only non-essential or non-typical parts of a product or packaging.
Simple and luxurious designs often require an obscure marking, and in these cases, trade dress can be a powerful protection against knockoffs.
Have you been to a Burger King restaurant in Mattoon, Illinois? I mean the other Burger King restaurant. There is a restaurant called Burger King, which has nothing to do with Burger King franchise.
There is often a grey area between innovation and imitation when it comes to a highly competitive industry. Nevertheless, you often hear about patent infringement lawsuits and trademark disputes.
Especially in the U.S., lawsuits and other legal disputes are a serious problem for business owners. If you once get served with a complaint, you cannot simply ignore it because your failure to respond will result in default judgment against you. And attorney’s fees that easily go around a thousand of dollars an hour will make you dizzy. As it happens, most accused companies end up settling rather than challenging the allegation of wrongdoing.
There goes potential unfairness. As to intellectual property lawsuits, many business owners lack relevant experience and knowledge, so there are cases where an accuser wields a bogus patent or trademark to threaten a business in bad faith. There are reports of entities that strategically acquire a failing or bankrupt company, obtain its intellectual property rights, and sue a bunch of other companies in the same field to score settlements with a sheer threat of lawsuits.
Of course, not every claim is without merit. Sometimes, you can unknowingly infringe other people’s right. Occasionally, you have to push forward to make profit despite a possible lawsuit that ensues. Nevertheless, it is important to fully evaluate the seriousness of the outcome.
Well, you can possibly avoid a serious problem with a tad bit of caution. You first ought to know what are protected under the intellectual property law.
Simply put, patent protects “idea”, copyright “expression”, and trademark “goodwill”.
1. Patent
We are talking about utility patent here, which is commonly known as patent. It protects an invention, which is to say protecting “a new idea that did not exist before”. Not all new idea is protected because doing so would seriously deter a free competition in the market. Therefore, a grant of patent happened only after a set of strict requirements is met, the toughest among which is that the idea should be “not obvious”.
In other words, an idea that is within an ordinary practice of a person who is skilled in the field is not considered a patentable idea. Consequently, a simple combination of parts that already exist or a straightforward application of known principle will not produce a patent. For example, making of a hybrid automobile, which involves simply adding an electrical motor to an automobile, would not deserve the protection of patent law.
Now the question to ask yourself as to patent law is if your new product is based on ” an ordinary practice” or “a step ahead it”.
2. Copyright
As mentioned
above, copyright protects “expression”. Here, expression
implies that it can be recorded in writings, pictures, sounds, or
videos. Only such things that can be recorded, i.e. expressions, can
be protected under the copyright law.
To illustrate, let’s say a company achieved a great success by using a picture of a cat on their product label. Another company can simply copy the idea of a cat label without infringing any copyrights if the company uses a different picture of a cat. The idea of using a cat picture in packaging should be protected by applying for a patent. (Of course, there is nothing new about the idea of using a cat picture in marketing, so a patent grant is unlikely. Instead, you should rely on the trademark law.)
Copyright disputes can occur with regard to phrases used in marketing. Normally, short and common combination of ordinary words are not protected by copyright, but if you copy an entire phrase of another’s headlines in the promotional materials, there can be a problem. To avoid copyright disputes, you can paraphrase. For example, a catchphrase, “what you must bring to your second marriage”, may be protected by the copyright law, but you can simply use a different phrase with a similar meaning such as “you should bring this if you ever marry again”.
Now the question you must ask yourself is “if there’s a virtually identical expression”.
3. Trademark
The last one is trademark. In fact, the above hypothetical case of a cat printed product has a trademark issue. If a company starts to use a cat on its product label and consumers starts to associate a cat label with the company, then it can be said there is a goodwill attached to the use of cat on label. That is, consumers start to prefer a product with a photo of a cat on the product because of past experience. As such, you cannot avoid the trademark infringement even if you use a different photo of a different cat photographed by a different person.
To consumers,
it’s all the same cat label. And in this case, the cat photo is a
trademark. So, you need to remember that not just brand names or
logos are trademarks. There is a caveat in trademark protection. The
existence of goodwill is very subjective and hard to prove.
Therefore, it is a common business practice to register a trademark
with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
Now, the question to ask yourself is if “your brand name/logo is registered with the USPTO”.
Most clients come to me after their products reached the market. In fact, that’s when you know for sure that your product has the potential to be something. If not, why invest in registering trademark?
On the other hand, most big companies register their intent-to-use (“ITU”) marks months before they actually develop or start selling an item. Why? It’s simply much safer to invest their money into marketing and so on once you know that nobody else has or can have a trademark registration on your potential mark.
Does this mean you also need to act fast? Probably not. Simply put, many new products or services eventually fail. This is not because of some poor planning or lack of insight but because of the nature of the market.
Then, when is the right time to register a trademark? The answer depends on the type of your mark.
Is it your company name?
Maybe you intend to use a certain mark for every single product you would produce in the future. This is sometimes called a Parent Brand. For example, under parent brand Apple there are sub-brands such as iPhone, Mac, and iPad. But everything is still Apple. Well, in this case, what are you waiting for? Go ahead and register unless you’re counting days for the demise of your company.
Is it a logo?
Now you be cautious. Once you register a mark, you can’t change the registered mark. This includes minor changes and renewals that most companies eventually do on their logos. It might be a slight change of color, or it could be a modernization of some characters or graphic. The law is clear: no change is allowed.
Hence, if your logos are still in development, I’d suggest you to wait till you have the final version. Nonetheless, there is some benefit from acting fast. If you have a logo registered, other people are stopped from registering similar logos. In other words, you would claim the priority, and priority is always good.
I suggest you act fast if you’re concerned that someone else might be taking your idea or concept of a logo. If the current version of your logo includes all elements that you consider important, registering it would give you priority for those elements.
On the other hand, if your logo is pretty unique and unlikely anyone else would be interested, then don’t hurry into registering a draft in order to avoid incurring unnecessary cost.
Is it a phrase or a combination of words?
Now, this is a business decision. Think about how valuable your trademark would become in months or even years. There is possibility that you might not be using the phrase or words ever. Do you still want to take the risk of spending your money for a trademark certificate, which can become a piece of paper if things go the wrong way?
Is it a made-up word?
This is a real advice you would get it from this article. You go ahead and register a domain name YOUR_TRADEMARK.com. Sure, domain names are the same as trademark registration. On the other hand, it costs only $12 a year. Trademark application on the other hand costs you $250 (after discount for doing everything including filing and amending your application on TEAS) just for application fees alone.
I’m not saying domain names can somehow replace trademark protection. However, it just makes economic sense to get a domain registered first and then think about getting trademark registered later.
This article contains
fictional scenarios that include facts and legal issues that are created for an
explanatory purpose. Any of those facts and legal issues including legal
conclusions may not be true when applied to your case. Please seek a legal advice
or counsel if you need any help.
In past articles, we discussed how to name your products and register the names with respect to a trademark protection.
To briefly summarize, we discussed the followings.
1. Most of all, you need a good name for a trademark.
Avoid any name that is similar to competitor’s.
Do not use a generic name that is commonly used in the industry.
If possible, you try minting a term that describes your product.
2. If you anticipate a possible trademark infringement,
registration is a must.
Search the internet using internet search engines like Google for any taken names out there.
You can also use USPTO’s Trademark Electronic Application System to register your trademark by yourself.
Don’t forget to pay maintenance fees once every 10 years.
Let’s see how it works out in the business environment.
1. Antique Metal Zig-zag Hair Band
Mike has been in the beauty supply industry for 15
years. He experienced sales and retail management to a good extent, so he is
good at forecasting consumer trends and popularity of new items.
He realized at some point that zig-zag hair band is a
next it-item for 2018. He did some research and found out zig-zag hair bands
available in the market are mostly made of plastic. Based on this, he came up
with a premium zig-zag hair band with oil-rubbed bronze finish.
He had a Chinese supplier mass-produce the product and
has been receiving increasing number of orders for the product, which he named
“Antique Metal Zig-zag Hair Band”. It is about to become a huge success, and
then he finds out a wholesale is selling “Antiquity” Metal Zig-zag Hair Band,
replacing Antique with Antiquity, with basically an identical product as they
are produced in the same manufacturing line.
Q: How expensive would a lawsuit be?
A: It will be decided by hours. In certain areas of the law,
attorneys offer a legal service for a contingency fee, but trademark
infringement is not one of those special circumstances. The legal bill will be
largely dependent upon the hours your attorney spends for a lawsuit including
following up court proceedings, negotiate with your opponents, and so on.
Q: How long does it take to get an injunction?
A: This is a non-registered trademark, so you will first
prove that you own the trademark. This involves whether the opponent have used
the trademark prior to your use, among other things. Later on, it will
ultimately come to a finding of likelihood of confusion among consumers
regarding two trademarks. Another difficulty in this situation is that you
cannot claim an exclusive use of the “Metal Zig-zag Hair Band”. Even an
exclusive use of “antique” can be contested at court. As there are
many legal issues, legal actions may cost you more than thousands of dollars.
Q: How likely we prevail?
A: The knockoff at issue has not only a similar name but
also an identical packaging, color, style, and so on. As long as we can prove
that we have priority (e.g. we used it first), we will likely prevail.
2. Bear Tooth Hair Band
Mr. Lee has entered the field of beauty supply at his
late career, but his previous job at a retail service company made him aware of
the importance of trademark.
Just like Mr. Kim, he also foresaw a zig-zag hair band
trend this fall and had “Bear Tooth” trademark registered with the
USPTO via an Intend-To-Use Application. He thought the crooked shape of bear
tooth would suggest a zig-zag shape of a hair band. He had no idea what
material to be used, but later he noticed that Antique’s oil-rubbed bronze
finish products are received very fairly in the retailers. He placed an order from
a Chinese supplier.
The product was only launched in July, but in a few months,
customers started looking for “bear tooth hair band” since the name
was very catchy. Not long after, people started to call any zig-zag hair band
made of metal “bear tooth”. In turn, many retail stores are
displaying and selling Antique and Antiquity products as if they are all Bear
Tooth Hair Bands.
Q: What can be done legally?
A: Bear Tooth is a registered trademark of Mr. Lee, so any
use of the name to sell a similar product is unlawful. You can send letters
asking for cooperation, and if a retail store continues to use the trademark
illegally, then you can bring a lawsuit.
Q: What would be a legal cost for lawsuit?
A: In this case, the trademark is registered with the USPTO,
and the infringement is clear and obvious. More than likely, the retailers will
cooperate upon receiving letters. Therefore, the cost would be attorney’s fee
for drafting a cease and desist letter plus administrative cost including
postage and handling, which could run a few hundreds of dollars.
Q: What about similar names like Black Bear Tooth? What can
be done?
A: Thanks to the ITU Application, the trademark is
registered with the USPTO by now. There is no need to prove priority as it is
given by the fact that the trademark is registered. You can just let retailers
know of the registration and proceed with other legal measures such as
injunction prohibiting import. After the acknowledge of registration, any
profit made through illegal use of your trademark becomes recoverable upon
trademark infringement lawsuit. There is very little incentive to continue
illegal use of a trademark for retailers and distributions alike.
What about the retail store owner’s liability?
Q: Can a retail store advertise and sell another product as
Bear Tooth Hair Band?
A: Of course not. It is a trademark infringement. Bear Tooth
is a registered trademark of Mr. Lee. He
has an exclusive right to commercially use the name. Technically, no one can
use Bear Tooth mark on a hair band packaging, retail display, brochures,
advertisements without Mr. Lee’s consent. Of course, you can use the mark in
association with the original Bear Tooth Hair Band. However, you may not place
another product in a section you marked with Bear Tooth mark. This would lead
your customers to believe any product in the section is Bear Tooth products,
which results in a trademark infringement. Not only civil liability but also
criminal penalties can be imposed based on the intent of using the mark.
Q: If I had no idea about the trademark infringement, am I
okay?
A: There is no intent requirement for trademark
infringement. On the other hand, you may be subject to a lesser punishment if
you did not know about it. Often, trademark owners will send letters to retail
stores regarding a trademark infringement. If the retail owners keep infringing
trademark after receiving the letters, they cannot later argue that they did
not know. Knowingly violating other’s trademark rights will make you liable for
all loss of profit for the trademark owner plus other damages.
Q: How do you know what is a trademark of others?
A: Registered trademark owners can use ® mark to notify the public of
their rights. Even if not registered, TM is available for marking any
trademark. Beware that because TM mark does not require registration, it can be
abused for marking non-trademarks as trademarks.
Let’s compare the two scenarios.
Antique Metal Zig-zag
Bear Tooth
Trademark
“Antique” and “metal” is generic terms for the
material and design.
Weak
trademark rights
“Bear Tooth” is a unique, suggestive term for the
product.
TM
rights immediately available
USPTO Registration
None
Need to prove your rights
Intent-to-use Application
ITU provides priority
Similarity of Marks
Antiquity Metal Zig-zag is very similar to Antique
Metal Zig-zag
Other
factors like color, font, and design are considered.
Black Bear Tooth is just a black Bear Tooth.
Obvious
infringement
Legal Action
Unlikely to succeed without a substantial time and money
Affordable options available: letters, reporting to law enforcement,
etc.
When a product becomes a success, it is rather expected that
similar products start to crowd the market. Nonetheless, it is forbidden by the
law that second comers to deceive consumers with a confusingly similar mark or
product package.
As we saw in the above Bear Tooth scenario, a good planning
of trademark protection often helps more efficiently dealing with any
infringement activities.
I guess you can file a trademark application yourself, which will cost a bit over $200 in government fees (for a long-term cost analysis, see https://www.ipfever.com/how-much-does-a-trademark-registration-cost/ ). Here, the worst case scenario is you get a rejection letter (called Office Action). If there’s a mistake, you can amend it. In other cases, you can probably go around the problems. These will cost extra time and fees, but still you save money by not paying service/attorney fees.
Or you can use an online service, adding extra service fees (like $69 seen on today’s Google Search ads) to the calculation. Here, you will likely save a good amount of time, and the process will be much enjoyable than filling out the government-designed application. Yup, it’s fine printed and for online versions, you will meet the old internet. Long story short, I think any help is better than no help. Don’t expect a legal guidance though. You can hope the computer will one day replace the attorneys; it’s not today guys. There are other reasons, too. For example, the service would constitute an Unauthorized Practice of Law if it renders a legal advice without a license.
Alternatively, you can find a licensed attorney and pay much more. Well, you saw this coming, right? An attorney defending the merit of legal counsel! Don’t worry. That’s not the point. I totally believe that you can DIY. The problem is that you will never know if you’re doing it right. Starting from “Is my name/logo/mark trademarkable?” to “What’s the best way to protect my business interest?,” all entrepreneurs come across questions regarding trademark. However, lawyers typically don’t like answering piecemeal questions. Thankfully, IPfever is where you can ask questions and seek help from attorneys; you do everything you can do yourself and leave only the rest to the attorneys.
Zara, which is a
Fast Fashion brand like Forever 21, boasts that it takes only 10 to
15 days for an initial product design to reach their retail stores
through international manufacture and logistics. In this fast-paced
environment where a product can be copied within a few days and mass
produced, a superb product design and packaging warrants only half
the success.
Turning a
customer satisfaction from a superb quality and brand into a
repurchase requires marking of the product with a unique and legally
protected name. Such name is called a trademark, and it includes not
only brand names and product names but also logo images, patterns,
phrases, colors, and so on.
Then, how you
decide what to use as a trademark? In this article, brand and product
names are discussed.
1. Try to Stand Out from Competition
If your beauty supply store is named “ULTA”
or “SEPHORA”, you are clearly in trouble. Likewise, you
should avoid choosing a name that creates a confusion among consumers
even if it is newly minted by you. “Rihanna’s Beauty” is
a good example of such confusing tenor.
To prevent this
kind of trouble, you must conduct a market research beforehand. By
far the most effective and economical way is using internet search
engines. You can use Google, Naver, and so on to scheme through names
and marks that are used in your relevant market.
Avoid names that
are similar to existing ones, and you should not use an identical one
to other’s trademark at no circumstance.
2. Avoid Generic Names
Those words and
phrases commonly used in your field of expertise lack the potential
to be a good trademark.
Words such as
“3X”, “16-inch”, “Braid”, “Ghana”,
and “Pageboy” are general terminologies referring a number
of goods in a single package, hair length, product type, hairdo, and
so on. These general terminologies must be preserved for a free use
among all commercial actors, and the trademark law accordingly limits
trademark rights in such cases. Hence, you should not use generic
terms unless it is necessary.
Oftentimes, using
a general term is easy to memorize and facilitates a quick
understanding of the characteristics of goods, but there are
different ways to achieve the same.
For example, iPad, a tablet computer from
Apple, Inc., uses the word “pad” to depict a “tablet
computer”. Despite being a common word referring to a book of
thin sheets, a “pad” was not associated with a tablet
computer at the time.
This is how you
should go when you are considering a common word for your trademark:
distancing from its original meaning or using an untraditional
spelling.
A billionaire Tesla CEO Elon Musk
established a construction company specialized in tunneling, the
Boring Company, in which boring means digging a tunnel. At the same
time, it could also mean a company that are not interesting, poking
some fun.
3. Unique Wording that Describes Your Product
When it comes to
a Samsung smartphone Galaxy Note, the word “note” denotes
that this particular type of smartphone has a bigger screen and
includes a stylus pen. Again, “note” was a terminology that
mobile computer industry did not find a common use, so this could be
a good choice.
To explain
further, let’s use an imaginary wig product, 100% Hand-tied Human
Hair Pageboy Lace Wig as an example.
First of all, there are obvious characteristics of goods that a trademark needs not contain, such as the product type wig.
While 100% Hand-tied and Lace are important features of the product, the wording is a poor choice for a trademark. You can have a much stronger trademark by devising unique phrases such as Artisan’s Lacework, Tied-on-Lace, On-lace-handywork, and so on.
A fanciful name can be used instead of human hair. Keratin, a type of protein found in hair, is already familiar with consumers, and words like natural and organic can set a positive tone for your product.
Pageboy is a style that could be more efficiently and accurately illustrated by a drawing or photo. However, you may develop variety of unique wordings that sets your brand apart from the pack, such as Pagegirl instead of Pageboy and Peige instead of Page. Note, Peige may signal a specific color Beige.
While product
names can tell what kind of product a good is, they should serve as a
source identifier. In other words, consumers should be able to learn
from which manufacturer, distributor, or seller a certain good is
originated.
Ideally, a good
trademark should tell a consumer that the product in her
consideration is this “Artisan’s Lacework – Peige” among
many other Pageboy style 100% human hair hand-tied lace wigs.
4. Tips
Be creative when naming a product. “Kodak” is a word created by its founder to serve as a trademark. Unique and easy to memorize.
A common word has a potential to be a great trademark. Office electronics company “Brother” transformed a common word into a great and distinctive trademark.
You may consider a terminology uncommon in the technical field or a spelling variation. Lyft, a Uber service competitor, uses a misspelled common word “lift” which means giving a ride.
Words or phrases including ARTISAN’S LACEWORK, TIED-ON-LACE, ON-LACE-HANDYWORK, KERATIN, NATURAL, ORGANIC, PAGEGIRL, and PEIGE, appearing in this article, were created to explain relevant legal concepts and may be inappropriate for use as a trademark. All content and information in this article does not constitute a legal counsel or advice at any circumstance.
How do you react to a sight of a retail store that just launched? Early adopters enjoy using a product or service before other people do, but most of the consumers tend to be a lot less passionate about embracing a new store although its sight might pop among aging stores.
That is why many businesses spend fortune to run commercials on TV and place advertisements on publications to familiarize their trademarks to customers. Since an excessive amount of advertisements is pouring in through various media, most modern consumers consider the ads as something they want to avoid as much as possible.
Accordingly, alternative marketing tactics, including internet marketing, is considered much more efficient than those traditional advertisements nowadays. In addition to running official websites and social network accounts, many businesses are employing even newer internet marketing tactics including sponsoring popular bloggers or social network accounts in an effort to expose their products and trademarks to their customers.
These methods do not expose the trademarks to potential consumers who are involuntarily watching the commercials but make them actively seek the contents containing their trademarks. As a result, even though the content might be identical, which may be a summary of product feature, it becomes the information that was researched by themselves instead of an empty statement by the one who wants to sell products or service to them.
In fact, many consumers utilize internet search to research the information about or the reputation of an unfamiliar business or a new product, and they typically type in a trademark for the search. If you google a trademark of a business, it is likely that the official website of the business appears on the first page of the search results, which might not be true when keywords are used for the search of the business.
When the business has no official website, a review post by popular review sites such as Yelp and Google Maps would populate the top results. As opposed to an official website, the contents of review websites cannot be controlled by the business, so they can be easily tainted by few unfair reviews that are written by angry customers.
Let alone an official website, even a review of the business could be missing on the first page of the search result, in which case customers might feel very suspicious about the legitimacy of the business. More often than not, it gives a bad impression to customers. If you carefully examine those instances, you find problems within the trademarks themselves.
For example, a bad trademark may only include a name of the town or a common term used in the trade, like “Chicago”, “beauty”, and “supply”. You can easily expect that the search result for “Chicago beauty supply” would include all beauty supply stores in the region. There are other instances such as using a description of the product or service as a trademark such as “Luxury Beauty Supply”. These names will unlikely be distinguished by search engines from common keyword searches and return generic information that are not specific to the business.
Considering the bad impression to internet savvy consumers caused by choosing an inappropriate trademark, you should determine whether your choice of words could bring about a strong trademark even before you start using it. Even if you have already started using it, you should continuously monitor whether other businesses are misappropriating your trademark or there are similar trademarks causing confusion among customers. Regular monitoring helps laying a solid foundation for your trademark.
You can start monitoring by simply typing in your trademark in the Google search box. The result will not only reveal whether the mark you want to use can become a strong trademark in the future but also whether the trademark you are using is being misappropriated by others.
A trademark is a mark you use in order to identify your good or service.
For instance, IPfever is a trademark as it’s associated with services and contents offered at IPfever.com. If a law professor wants to start a blog about IP, she shouldn’t name it IPfever. Such naming would mislead people to think that the blog was associated with IPfever.
But, on the other hand, if a medical researcher encounters a feverish symptom related to Information Profession, she’s free to call it “IP fever,” to publish a paper titled “IP fever,” and so on. There’s no problem with such designation because the trademark IPfever, at the moment, has nothing to do with medical diagnosis.
So, you can freely catch an IPfever, and you may sell an IPfever brand roasted coffees. But you may not provide an IPfever service if that’s related to what is offered on ipfever.com.
That’s a brief overview of what trademark does and doesn’t. Let’s find out more.
